@techreport{vhpn6q,
  author = {Gilly, Travis},
  title = {{No One to Charge: Emergent Capability Convergence, Autonomous Agents, and the Exhaustion of Legal, Regulatory, and Governance Response}},
  institution = {Real Safety AI Foundation},
  type = {Working Draft},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  note = {Version 5},
  url = {https://realsafetyai.org/research/vhpn6q/},
  keywords = {emergent capability convergence, autonomous agents, open weights models, dual-use doctrine, secondary liability, instrumental convergence, Garland v. Cargill, Bondi v. VanDerStok, Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios, MGM Studios v. Grokster}
}